Security & Encoding
How JWTs, Base64, URL encoding, Unicode, hashes, passwords and UUIDs really work, with examples and the mistakes that cause real security bugs.
2 articles
Security & EncodingJWT Explained: Structure, Claims and How to Verify a Token
What is inside a JSON Web Token, how the signature works, which claims to check, and the security mistakes (alg none, weak secrets, storage) that break JWTs.
· 6 min read
Security & EncodingWhat Is Base64 Encoding? How It Works and When to Use It
How Base64 turns bytes into text, why it adds 33% to the size, Base64 vs Base64URL, handling UTF-8 in JavaScript, and why Base64 is never encryption.
· 5 min read